was established as the patron saint of painters’ guilds elsewhere...
in Bologna the painter-saint who was worshiped was a woman:
St. Catherine of Bologna !
~bron~
zondag 20 oktober 2019
caterina -4-
While Luke the Evangelist...
was established as the patron saint of painters’ guilds elsewhere...
in Bologna the painter-saint who was worshiped was a woman:
St. Catherine of Bologna !
was established as the patron saint of painters’ guilds elsewhere...
in Bologna the painter-saint who was worshiped was a woman:
St. Catherine of Bologna !
caterina -3-
Caterina da Bologna also represents...
the rare phenomenon of a fifteenth-century nun-artist whose artworks are preserved in her personal breviary.
She meditated while she copied the scriptural text, adding about 1000 prayer rubrics, and drew initials with bust-portraits of saints, paying special attention to images of Saints Clare and Francis. Besides multiple images of Christ and the infant swaddled Christ Child, she depicted other saints, including Thomas Becket, Jerome, Paul, Anthony of Padua, Mary Magdalene, her name saint Catherine of Alexandria.
Her self-taught style incorporated motifs from needlework and devotional prints. Some saints' images, interwoven with text and rubrics, display an idiosyncratic, inventive iconography also found in German nuns' artworks (Nonnenarbeiten). The breviary and its images surely served a didactic function within the convent community.
Other panel paintings and manuscripts attributed to her include the Madonna and Child (nicknamed the Madonna del Pomo) in the Cappella della Santa, a possible portrait or self-portrait in the autograph copy of the Sette Armi Spirituali, a Redeemer, and another Madonna and Child in her chapel. A drawing of a Man of Sorrows or Resurrected Christ found in a miscellany of lauds [Ms. 35 no.4, Archivio Generale Arcivescovile, Bologna] has also been attributed to her.
Recently, scholars have rejected these artworks either based on style or scientific examination of materials, and called her reputation as a painter "more legendary than fact"... Caterina da Bologna however is significant as a woman artist who articulated an aesthetic philosophy. She explained that although it took precious time, the purpose of her religious art was "to increase devotion for herself and others".
~wikipedia~
the rare phenomenon of a fifteenth-century nun-artist whose artworks are preserved in her personal breviary.
She meditated while she copied the scriptural text, adding about 1000 prayer rubrics, and drew initials with bust-portraits of saints, paying special attention to images of Saints Clare and Francis. Besides multiple images of Christ and the infant swaddled Christ Child, she depicted other saints, including Thomas Becket, Jerome, Paul, Anthony of Padua, Mary Magdalene, her name saint Catherine of Alexandria.
Her self-taught style incorporated motifs from needlework and devotional prints. Some saints' images, interwoven with text and rubrics, display an idiosyncratic, inventive iconography also found in German nuns' artworks (Nonnenarbeiten). The breviary and its images surely served a didactic function within the convent community.
Other panel paintings and manuscripts attributed to her include the Madonna and Child (nicknamed the Madonna del Pomo) in the Cappella della Santa, a possible portrait or self-portrait in the autograph copy of the Sette Armi Spirituali, a Redeemer, and another Madonna and Child in her chapel. A drawing of a Man of Sorrows or Resurrected Christ found in a miscellany of lauds [Ms. 35 no.4, Archivio Generale Arcivescovile, Bologna] has also been attributed to her.
Recently, scholars have rejected these artworks either based on style or scientific examination of materials, and called her reputation as a painter "more legendary than fact"... Caterina da Bologna however is significant as a woman artist who articulated an aesthetic philosophy. She explained that although it took precious time, the purpose of her religious art was "to increase devotion for herself and others".
~wikipedia~
caterina -2-
Catherine’s best known text...
is "Seven Spiritual Weapons Necessary for Spiritual Warfare", which she appears to have first written in 1438, and then rewritten and augmented between 1450 and 1456.
Although she probably taught similar ideas, she kept the written version hidden until she neared death, and then handed it to her confessor with instructions to send a copy to the Poor Clares at Ferrara.
Part of this book describes at length her visions both of God and of Satan. The treatise was circulated in manuscript form through a network of Poor Clare convents. The "Sette Armi Spirituali" became an important part of the campaign for her canonization.
It was first printed in 1475, and went through 21 later editions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including being translated in Latin, French, Portuguese, English, Spanish, and German. It therefore played an important role in the dissemination of late medieval vernacular [volkstaal] mysticism in the early modern period.
In addition...
she wrote lauds, short religious treatises, and letters, as well as a 5000-line Latin poem called "Rosarium Metricum", "I Dodici Giardini" and "I Sermoni". These were discovered around 2000 and described by Cardinal Giacomo Biffi as...
"...now revealed in their surprising beauty. We can ascertain that she was not undeserving of her renown as a highly cultivated person. We are now in a position to meditate on a veritable monument of theology which, after the 'Treatise on the Seven Spiritual Weapons', is made up of distinct and autonomous parts: 'The Twelve Gardens', a mystical work of her youth, 'Rosarium', a Latin poem on the life of Jesus, and 'The Sermons', copies of Catherine's words to her religious sisters."
~wikipedia~
is "Seven Spiritual Weapons Necessary for Spiritual Warfare", which she appears to have first written in 1438, and then rewritten and augmented between 1450 and 1456.
Although she probably taught similar ideas, she kept the written version hidden until she neared death, and then handed it to her confessor with instructions to send a copy to the Poor Clares at Ferrara.
Part of this book describes at length her visions both of God and of Satan. The treatise was circulated in manuscript form through a network of Poor Clare convents. The "Sette Armi Spirituali" became an important part of the campaign for her canonization.
It was first printed in 1475, and went through 21 later editions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including being translated in Latin, French, Portuguese, English, Spanish, and German. It therefore played an important role in the dissemination of late medieval vernacular [volkstaal] mysticism in the early modern period.
In addition...
she wrote lauds, short religious treatises, and letters, as well as a 5000-line Latin poem called "Rosarium Metricum", "I Dodici Giardini" and "I Sermoni". These were discovered around 2000 and described by Cardinal Giacomo Biffi as...
"...now revealed in their surprising beauty. We can ascertain that she was not undeserving of her renown as a highly cultivated person. We are now in a position to meditate on a veritable monument of theology which, after the 'Treatise on the Seven Spiritual Weapons', is made up of distinct and autonomous parts: 'The Twelve Gardens', a mystical work of her youth, 'Rosarium', a Latin poem on the life of Jesus, and 'The Sermons', copies of Catherine's words to her religious sisters."
~wikipedia~
caterina -1-
Caterina da Bologna [1413-1463]...
kwam voort uit een welgestelde familie. Ze was de dochter van Benvenuta Mammolini van Bologna en Giovanni Vigri, een Ferrarese notaris in dienst van Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis van Ferrara.
Ze groeide op aan het hof van Niccolo III als een hofdame in dienst van diens vrouw, Parisina d'Este, en geraakte bevriend met zijn dochter, Margherita d'Este. In deze periode leerde ze lezen, schrijven, viool spelen, en had ze toegang tot de grote collectie manuscripten in de bibliotheek van d'Este.
In 1426, nadat Niccolo III zijn vrouw terechtgesteld liet worden omwille van overspel, verliet Catharina zijn hof, en voegde zich bij een lekengemeenschap van begijnen die de ideologie van Augustinus volgden.
Ze waren echter aanvankelijk verdeeld of ze al dan niet de ideologie van Franciscus moesten volgen, wat uiteindelijk ook gebeurde. In 1431 werd het Begijnenhuis omgevormd in het Clarissenconvent van Corpus Domini, dat uitgroeide van 12 vrouwen in 1431 tot 144 tegen het einde van de eeuw.
Zuster Catharina leefde het grootste deel van haar leven in dit convent, tussen 1431 en 1456, en diende als meesteres van de novicen. Ze was een model van vroomheid, en ervoer meerdere mirakels en visies van Christus, de Maagd Maria, Thomas Becket, Sint Josef, en toekomstige gebeurtenissen zoals de val van Constantinopel in 1453.
In 1455 stelden de Fransiscanen en gouverneurs van Bologna voor dat ze moeder-overste van een nieuw klooster zou worden, dat gevestigd moest worden in Bologna onder de naam van Corpus Christi. Ze verliet bijgevolg Ferrara in juli 1456 met 12 van haar zusters om de nieuwe gemeenschap op te starten.
Hier verbleef ze als moeder-overste tot aan haar overlijden op 9 maar 1463. Ze werd begraven in het kerkhof van het klooster, maar na achttien dagen kwam er een zoete geur naar boven uit haar graf en werd haar onaangetaste lichaam opgegraven. Het werd verplaatst naar de kapel waar het nog steeds tentoongesteld wordt, rechtop zittend in haar religieuze gewaden, achter glas.
~wikipedia~
kwam voort uit een welgestelde familie. Ze was de dochter van Benvenuta Mammolini van Bologna en Giovanni Vigri, een Ferrarese notaris in dienst van Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis van Ferrara.
Ze groeide op aan het hof van Niccolo III als een hofdame in dienst van diens vrouw, Parisina d'Este, en geraakte bevriend met zijn dochter, Margherita d'Este. In deze periode leerde ze lezen, schrijven, viool spelen, en had ze toegang tot de grote collectie manuscripten in de bibliotheek van d'Este.
In 1426, nadat Niccolo III zijn vrouw terechtgesteld liet worden omwille van overspel, verliet Catharina zijn hof, en voegde zich bij een lekengemeenschap van begijnen die de ideologie van Augustinus volgden.
Ze waren echter aanvankelijk verdeeld of ze al dan niet de ideologie van Franciscus moesten volgen, wat uiteindelijk ook gebeurde. In 1431 werd het Begijnenhuis omgevormd in het Clarissenconvent van Corpus Domini, dat uitgroeide van 12 vrouwen in 1431 tot 144 tegen het einde van de eeuw.
Zuster Catharina leefde het grootste deel van haar leven in dit convent, tussen 1431 en 1456, en diende als meesteres van de novicen. Ze was een model van vroomheid, en ervoer meerdere mirakels en visies van Christus, de Maagd Maria, Thomas Becket, Sint Josef, en toekomstige gebeurtenissen zoals de val van Constantinopel in 1453.
In 1455 stelden de Fransiscanen en gouverneurs van Bologna voor dat ze moeder-overste van een nieuw klooster zou worden, dat gevestigd moest worden in Bologna onder de naam van Corpus Christi. Ze verliet bijgevolg Ferrara in juli 1456 met 12 van haar zusters om de nieuwe gemeenschap op te starten.
Hier verbleef ze als moeder-overste tot aan haar overlijden op 9 maar 1463. Ze werd begraven in het kerkhof van het klooster, maar na achttien dagen kwam er een zoete geur naar boven uit haar graf en werd haar onaangetaste lichaam opgegraven. Het werd verplaatst naar de kapel waar het nog steeds tentoongesteld wordt, rechtop zittend in haar religieuze gewaden, achter glas.
~wikipedia~
zita (3)
Zita died peacefully...
in the Fatinelli house on April 27, 1272.
It is said that a star appeared above the attic where she slept at the moment of her death. She was 60 years old, and had served and edified the family for 48 years. By the time of her death, she had become practically venerated by the family.
After one hundred and fifty miracles had been attributed to Zita's intercession and recognized by the church, she was canonized in 1696. Her body was exhumed in 1580, discovered to be incorrupt, but has since become mummified.
Saint Zita's body is currently on display for public veneration in the Basilica di San Frediano in Lucca.
in the Fatinelli house on April 27, 1272.
It is said that a star appeared above the attic where she slept at the moment of her death. She was 60 years old, and had served and edified the family for 48 years. By the time of her death, she had become practically venerated by the family.
After one hundred and fifty miracles had been attributed to Zita's intercession and recognized by the church, she was canonized in 1696. Her body was exhumed in 1580, discovered to be incorrupt, but has since become mummified.
Saint Zita's body is currently on display for public veneration in the Basilica di San Frediano in Lucca.
zita (2)
Zita often said to others...
that devotion is false if slothful [lui].
She considered her work as an employment assigned to her by God. And as part of her penance. And obeyed her master and mistress in all things as being placed over her by God.
She always rose several hours before the rest of the family, and employed in prayer a considerable part of the time which others gave to sleep.
She took care to hear mass every morning with great devotion, before she was called upon by the duties of her station, in which she was employed the whole day, with such diligence and fidelity that she seemed to be carried to them on wings, and studied when possible to anticipate them.
~wikipedia~
that devotion is false if slothful [lui].
She considered her work as an employment assigned to her by God. And as part of her penance. And obeyed her master and mistress in all things as being placed over her by God.
She always rose several hours before the rest of the family, and employed in prayer a considerable part of the time which others gave to sleep.
She took care to hear mass every morning with great devotion, before she was called upon by the duties of her station, in which she was employed the whole day, with such diligence and fidelity that she seemed to be carried to them on wings, and studied when possible to anticipate them.
~wikipedia~
zita (1)
Saint Zita [1212-1272]...
was born in Tuscany in the village of Monsagrati, not far from Lucca where, at the age of 12, she became a servant in the Fatinelli household.
For a long time, she was unjustly despised, overburdened, reviled, and often beaten by her employers and fellow servants for her hard work and obvious goodness. The incessant ill-usage, however, was powerless to deprive her of her inward peace, her love of those who wronged her, and her respect for her employers.
By this meek and humble self-restraint, Zita at last succeeded in overcoming the malice of her fellow-servants and her employers, so much so that she was placed in charge of all the affairs of the house. Her faith had enabled her to persevere against their abuse, and her constant piety gradually moved the family to a religious awakening.
~wikipedia~
was born in Tuscany in the village of Monsagrati, not far from Lucca where, at the age of 12, she became a servant in the Fatinelli household.
For a long time, she was unjustly despised, overburdened, reviled, and often beaten by her employers and fellow servants for her hard work and obvious goodness. The incessant ill-usage, however, was powerless to deprive her of her inward peace, her love of those who wronged her, and her respect for her employers.
By this meek and humble self-restraint, Zita at last succeeded in overcoming the malice of her fellow-servants and her employers, so much so that she was placed in charge of all the affairs of the house. Her faith had enabled her to persevere against their abuse, and her constant piety gradually moved the family to a religious awakening.
~wikipedia~
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